Simulation in Medical Education
Andrea Delprado
Outline
Simulation in Medical Education
Andrea Delprado
Health and Medical Education Consultant
Laerdal
Introduction
• Define Simulation
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Integration into an education process
• How relevant is it for you?
What is Simulation?
• Simulation is
– Close resemblance or imitation
– Assumption of a false appearance
– Reproduction or representation
• Medical Simulation
– Training or educating in a synthetic or “almost real” environment
• Fidelity in Simulation – Internal & External
– Exact correspondence with fact or with a given quality, condition, or event; accuracy, degree of similarity.
Types of Simulation
• Manikin (Mannequin)
– Human Patient Simulators - MacroSimulation
– High or low fidelity
• Anatomical Models
– Part task training-Psychomotor skill development
– High or low fidelity
• Software based
– Decision making skills – Metacognition – MicroSimulation
– High fidelity much more effective – immersive for the learner
– Must provide debriefing/feedback to the learner
Types of Simulation
• Haptics
– Mechanical Models and Virtual Reality combined
– High fidelity
• Standardised Patient
– “Real” patients for assessment
– Actors moulaged for a scenario
• Animal and Cadaveric
– Individual skill performance
– Accurate anatomically
Advantages of Simulation
• Patient Safety
– Safe environment to practice in
– Fewer “real” cases available for students and junior staff to experience
• Repetition
– Able to repeat experience as necessary - confidence
– Able to perform infrequently used skills
• Human Factor Training
– Team performance and training
– Self reflection on practice
Advantages of Simulation
• Learner development
– Situational analysis of clinical environment
– Critical thinking skills
– Decision making skills
– Application of knowledge in a context
– Videotaping allows repeated review and comparison
Disadvantages of Simulation
• May be Intimidating
– Having to “perform”
– Setting yourself up for critical review – “I’m not going to do that, they’ll all be watching me, what if I stuff up!”
– Confidentiality!
• Unfamiliar with equipment
– Manikin functionality – What you can and can’t do
– Software functionality
• New learning environment
– Requires self reflection without being defensive
– Being “Debriefed” by someone else – good skills
Simulation Should
• Be based around
– The needs of the learner and the organisation
– The opportunity to apply and integrate theoretical knowledge
– Training in a safe environment
• Not be
– Designed to introduce new material for the first time
– Used to intimidate or humiliate
Guest et al 2001
The development and maintenance of expertise
in any domain requires extensive, sustained
practice in a manner which embeds
self-awareness, performance monitoring and
critical reflection
Integration into education
The Circle of Learning
How relevant is it for you?
• Should become relevant by
– Meeting your needs as learners for ongoing education
– Being related to your current clinical practice
– Providing the ability to practice infrequent yet catastrophic events
– Reinforcing basic patient assessment and decision making
How relevant is it for you?
• Should become relevant by
– Providing the ability to learn in your own environment
– Developing confidence and competence in a patient safe environment
– Helping develop good self reflective skills to improve learning
– Facilitating human factor training
Effective Trauma Team Response!
In Summary
• Defined simulation and the different types
• Reviewed advantages and disadvantages
• Discussed how simulation can be integrated into an education process
• Identified why it should be relevant to you in your practice
In Conclusion
“Simulation is an educational technique that
allows interactive, and at times immersive
activity by recreating all or part of a clinical
experience without exposing patients to the
associated risks”
Maran & Glavin, Medical Education
Vol 37, Issue s1,page 22 – November 2003
Thank you
|
Ministry of Health
